Feeling of presence in Parkinson's disease
Identifieur interne : 001545 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001544; suivant : 001546Feeling of presence in Parkinson's disease
Auteurs : Gilles Fénelon ; Thierry Soulas ; Laurent Cleret De Langavant ; Iris Trinkler ; Anne-Catherine Bachoud-LéviSource :
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry [ 0022-3050 ] ; 2011-11.
Abstract
Background A feeling of presence (FP), that is, the vivid sensation that somebody (distinct from oneself) is present nearby, is commonly reported by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but its phenomenology has not been described precisely. The objective of this study was to provide a detailed description of FP in PD and to discuss its possible mechanisms. Patients and methods The authors studied 52 non-demented PD patients reporting FP in the preceding month (38 consecutive outpatients and 14 inpatients). FP characteristics were recorded with a structured questionnaire. The outpatients with FP were compared with 78 consecutive outpatients without FP. Results About half the patients said they recognised the ‘identity’ of the presence. More than 75% of patients said the FP were not distressing, were short-lasting, were felt beside and/or behind the patient, and occurred while indoors; most patients checked for a real presence, but their insight was generally preserved. In 31% of cases, the patients had an unformed visual hallucination simultaneously with the FP. A higher daily levodopa-equivalent dose and the presence of visual illusions or hallucinations were independently associated with FP. Discussion Although FP is not a sensory perception, projection of the sensation into the extrapersonal space, along with the frequent co-occurrence of elementary visual hallucinations and the strong association with visual hallucinations or illusions, supports its hallucinatory nature. FP may be viewed as a ‘social’ hallucination, involving an area or network specifically activated when a living being is present, independently of any perceptual clue.
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DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.234799
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France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: gilles.fenelon@hmn.aphp.fr</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soulas, Thierry" sort="Soulas, Thierry" uniqKey="Soulas T" first="Thierry" last="Soulas">Thierry Soulas</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Université Paris-Descartes, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, EA 4057, Boulogne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Langavant, Laurent Cleret" sort="De Langavant, Laurent Cleret" uniqKey="De Langavant L" first="Laurent Cleret" last="De Langavant">Laurent Cleret De Langavant</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Service de neurologie, Créteil, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S 955, Créteil, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trinkler, Iris" sort="Trinkler, Iris" uniqKey="Trinkler I" first="Iris" last="Trinkler">Iris Trinkler</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bachoud Levi, Anne Catherine" sort="Bachoud Levi, Anne Catherine" uniqKey="Bachoud Levi A" first="Anne-Catherine" last="Bachoud-Lévi">Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Lévi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Service de neurologie, Créteil, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S 955, Créteil, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-3050</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-330X</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2011-11">2011-11</date><biblScope unit="volume">82</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1219">1219</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-3050</idno></series><idno type="istex">18A1497EC6572BC55C76E13BF57F8242F2D0AFA7</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/jnnp.2010.234799</idno><idno type="href">jnnp-82-1219.pdf</idno><idno type="ArticleID">jnnp234799</idno><idno type="PMID">21551471</idno><idno type="local">jnnp;82/11/1219</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-3050</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Background A feeling of presence (FP), that is, the vivid sensation that somebody (distinct from oneself) is present nearby, is commonly reported by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but its phenomenology has not been described precisely. The objective of this study was to provide a detailed description of FP in PD and to discuss its possible mechanisms. Patients and methods The authors studied 52 non-demented PD patients reporting FP in the preceding month (38 consecutive outpatients and 14 inpatients). FP characteristics were recorded with a structured questionnaire. The outpatients with FP were compared with 78 consecutive outpatients without FP. Results About half the patients said they recognised the ‘identity’ of the presence. More than 75% of patients said the FP were not distressing, were short-lasting, were felt beside and/or behind the patient, and occurred while indoors; most patients checked for a real presence, but their insight was generally preserved. In 31% of cases, the patients had an unformed visual hallucination simultaneously with the FP. A higher daily levodopa-equivalent dose and the presence of visual illusions or hallucinations were independently associated with FP. Discussion Although FP is not a sensory perception, projection of the sensation into the extrapersonal space, along with the frequent co-occurrence of elementary visual hallucinations and the strong association with visual hallucinations or illusions, supports its hallucinatory nature. FP may be viewed as a ‘social’ hallucination, involving an area or network specifically activated when a living being is present, independently of any perceptual clue.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>bmj</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Gilles Fénelon</name><affiliations><json:string>AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Service de neurologie, Créteil, France</json:string><json:string>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</json:string><json:string>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>E-mail: gilles.fenelon@hmn.aphp.fr</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Thierry Soulas</name><affiliations><json:string>Université Paris-Descartes, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, EA 4057, Boulogne, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Laurent Cleret de Langavant</name><affiliations><json:string>AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Service de neurologie, Créteil, France</json:string><json:string>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</json:string><json:string>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S 955, Créteil, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Iris Trinkler</name><affiliations><json:string>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</json:string><json:string>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Lévi</name><affiliations><json:string>AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Service de neurologie, Créteil, France</json:string><json:string>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</json:string><json:string>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S 955, Créteil, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Research paper</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Parkinson's disease</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>psychotic disorders</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>hallucinations, neuropsychiatry</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>neuropsychology</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Background A feeling of presence (FP), that is, the vivid sensation that somebody (distinct from oneself) is present nearby, is commonly reported by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but its phenomenology has not been described precisely. The objective of this study was to provide a detailed description of FP in PD and to discuss its possible mechanisms. Patients and methods The authors studied 52 non-demented PD patients reporting FP in the preceding month (38 consecutive outpatients and 14 inpatients). FP characteristics were recorded with a structured questionnaire. The outpatients with FP were compared with 78 consecutive outpatients without FP. Results About half the patients said they recognised the ‘identity’ of the presence. More than 75% of patients said the FP were not distressing, were short-lasting, were felt beside and/or behind the patient, and occurred while indoors; most patients checked for a real presence, but their insight was generally preserved. In 31% of cases, the patients had an unformed visual hallucination simultaneously with the FP. A higher daily levodopa-equivalent dose and the presence of visual illusions or hallucinations were independently associated with FP. Discussion Although FP is not a sensory perception, projection of the sensation into the extrapersonal space, along with the frequent co-occurrence of elementary visual hallucinations and the strong association with visual hallucinations or illusions, supports its hallucinatory nature. FP may be viewed as a ‘social’ hallucination, involving an area or network specifically activated when a living being is present, independently of any perceptual clue.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.934</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 793.701 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>5</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1670</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4482</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>29489</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>6</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>246</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Feeling of presence in Parkinson's disease</title><pmid><json:string>21551471</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>82</volume><pages><first>1219</first></pages><issn><json:string>0022-3050</json:string></issn><issue>11</issue><genre></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1468-330X</json:string></eissn><title>Journal of Neurology, 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Ltd</publisher><availability><p>BMJ</p></availability><date>2011-05-07</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Feeling of presence in Parkinson's disease</title><author corresp="yes"><persName><forename type="first">Gilles</forename><surname>Fénelon</surname></persName><email>gilles.fenelon@hmn.aphp.fr</email><affiliation>AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Service de neurologie, Créteil, France</affiliation><affiliation>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</affiliation><affiliation>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Thierry</forename><surname>Soulas</surname></persName><affiliation>Université Paris-Descartes, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, EA 4057, Boulogne, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Laurent Cleret</forename><surname>de Langavant</surname></persName><affiliation>AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Service de neurologie, Créteil, France</affiliation><affiliation>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</affiliation><affiliation>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S 955, Créteil, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Iris</forename><surname>Trinkler</surname></persName><affiliation>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</affiliation><affiliation>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Anne-Catherine</forename><surname>Bachoud-Lévi</surname></persName><affiliation>AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Service de neurologie, Créteil, France</affiliation><affiliation>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</affiliation><affiliation>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S 955, Créteil, France</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title><idno type="pISSN">0022-3050</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-330X</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2011-11"></date><biblScope unit="volume">82</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1219">1219</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">18A1497EC6572BC55C76E13BF57F8242F2D0AFA7</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/jnnp.2010.234799</idno><idno type="href">jnnp-82-1219.pdf</idno><idno type="ArticleID">jnnp234799</idno><idno type="PMID">21551471</idno><idno type="local">jnnp;82/11/1219</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2011-05-07</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Background A feeling of presence (FP), that is, the vivid sensation that somebody (distinct from oneself) is present nearby, is commonly reported by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but its phenomenology has not been described precisely. The objective of this study was to provide a detailed description of FP in PD and to discuss its possible mechanisms. Patients and methods The authors studied 52 non-demented PD patients reporting FP in the preceding month (38 consecutive outpatients and 14 inpatients). FP characteristics were recorded with a structured questionnaire. The outpatients with FP were compared with 78 consecutive outpatients without FP. Results About half the patients said they recognised the ‘identity’ of the presence. More than 75% of patients said the FP were not distressing, were short-lasting, were felt beside and/or behind the patient, and occurred while indoors; most patients checked for a real presence, but their insight was generally preserved. In 31% of cases, the patients had an unformed visual hallucination simultaneously with the FP. A higher daily levodopa-equivalent dose and the presence of visual illusions or hallucinations were independently associated with FP. Discussion Although FP is not a sensory perception, projection of the sensation into the extrapersonal space, along with the frequent co-occurrence of elementary visual hallucinations and the strong association with visual hallucinations or illusions, supports its hallucinatory nature. FP may be viewed as a ‘social’ hallucination, involving an area or network specifically activated when a living being is present, independently of any perceptual clue.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Parkinson's disease</term></item><item><term>psychotic disorders</term></item><item><term>hallucinations, neuropsychiatry</term></item><item><term>neuropsychology</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2011-05-07">Created</change><change when="2011-11">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/18A1497EC6572BC55C76E13BF57F8242F2D0AFA7/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus bmj" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="archivearticle.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jnnp</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jnnp</journal-id><journal-title>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</abbrev-journal-title><abbrev-journal-title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-3050</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1468-330X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jnnp234799</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/jnnp.2010.234799</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp;82/11/1219</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp;jnnp.2010.234799</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21551471</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">1219</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp.2010.234799</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research paper</subject></subj-group><series-title>Movement disorders</series-title></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Feeling of presence in Parkinson's disease</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Fénelon</surname><given-names>Gilles</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Soulas</surname><given-names>Thierry</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Langavant</surname><given-names>Laurent Cleret</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Trinkler</surname><given-names>Iris</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bachoud-Lévi</surname><given-names>Anne-Catherine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Service de neurologie, Créteil, France</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>Université Paris-Descartes, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, EA 4057, Boulogne, France</aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S 955, Créteil, France</aff><author-notes><corresp><label>Correspondence to</label> Dr Gilles Fénelon, Service de neurologie, CHU Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil cedex, France; <email>gilles.fenelon@hmn.aphp.fr</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub-original"><day>7</day><month>5</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>7</day><month>5</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>82</volume><volume-id pub-id-type="other">82</volume-id><volume-id pub-id-type="other">82</volume-id><issue>11</issue><issue-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp;82/11</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">11</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">82/11</issue-id><fpage>1219</fpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>9</day><month>11</month><year>2010</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>1</day><month>3</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>17</day><month>3</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2011, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:role="full-text" xlink:href="jnnp-82-1219.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>A feeling of presence (FP), that is, the vivid sensation that somebody (distinct from oneself) is present nearby, is commonly reported by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but its phenomenology has not been described precisely. The objective of this study was to provide a detailed description of FP in PD and to discuss its possible mechanisms.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>The authors studied 52 non-demented PD patients reporting FP in the preceding month (38 consecutive outpatients and 14 inpatients). FP characteristics were recorded with a structured questionnaire. The outpatients with FP were compared with 78 consecutive outpatients without FP.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>About half the patients said they recognised the ‘identity’ of the presence. More than 75% of patients said the FP were not distressing, were short-lasting, were felt beside and/or behind the patient, and occurred while indoors; most patients checked for a real presence, but their insight was generally preserved. In 31% of cases, the patients had an unformed visual hallucination simultaneously with the FP. A higher daily levodopa-equivalent dose and the presence of visual illusions or hallucinations were independently associated with FP.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Although FP is not a sensory perception, projection of the sensation into the extrapersonal space, along with the frequent co-occurrence of elementary visual hallucinations and the strong association with visual hallucinations or illusions, supports its hallucinatory nature. FP may be viewed as a ‘social’ hallucination, involving an area or network specifically activated when a living being is present, independently of any perceptual clue.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Parkinson's disease</kwd><kwd>psychotic disorders</kwd><kwd>hallucinations, neuropsychiatry</kwd><kwd>neuropsychology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><partName>Movement disorders</partName><title>Feeling of presence in Parkinson's disease</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><partName>Movement disorders</partName><title>Feeling of presence in Parkinson's disease</title></titleInfo><name type="personal" displayLabel="corresp"><namePart type="given">Gilles</namePart><namePart type="family">Fénelon</namePart><affiliation>AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Service de neurologie, Créteil, France</affiliation><affiliation>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</affiliation><affiliation>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: gilles.fenelon@hmn.aphp.fr</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Thierry</namePart><namePart type="family">Soulas</namePart><affiliation>Université Paris-Descartes, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, EA 4057, Boulogne, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Laurent Cleret</namePart><namePart type="family">de Langavant</namePart><affiliation>AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Service de neurologie, Créteil, France</affiliation><affiliation>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</affiliation><affiliation>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S 955, Créteil, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Iris</namePart><namePart type="family">Trinkler</namePart><affiliation>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</affiliation><affiliation>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anne-Catherine</namePart><namePart type="family">Bachoud-Lévi</namePart><affiliation>AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Service de neurologie, Créteil, France</affiliation><affiliation>INSERM U955, Equipe 1, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France</affiliation><affiliation>Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S 955, Créteil, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-11</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2011-05-07</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>Background A feeling of presence (FP), that is, the vivid sensation that somebody (distinct from oneself) is present nearby, is commonly reported by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but its phenomenology has not been described precisely. The objective of this study was to provide a detailed description of FP in PD and to discuss its possible mechanisms. Patients and methods The authors studied 52 non-demented PD patients reporting FP in the preceding month (38 consecutive outpatients and 14 inpatients). FP characteristics were recorded with a structured questionnaire. The outpatients with FP were compared with 78 consecutive outpatients without FP. Results About half the patients said they recognised the ‘identity’ of the presence. More than 75% of patients said the FP were not distressing, were short-lasting, were felt beside and/or behind the patient, and occurred while indoors; most patients checked for a real presence, but their insight was generally preserved. In 31% of cases, the patients had an unformed visual hallucination simultaneously with the FP. A higher daily levodopa-equivalent dose and the presence of visual illusions or hallucinations were independently associated with FP. Discussion Although FP is not a sensory perception, projection of the sensation into the extrapersonal space, along with the frequent co-occurrence of elementary visual hallucinations and the strong association with visual hallucinations or illusions, supports its hallucinatory nature. FP may be viewed as a ‘social’ hallucination, involving an area or network specifically activated when a living being is present, independently of any perceptual clue.</abstract><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Parkinson's disease</topic><topic>psychotic disorders</topic><topic>hallucinations, neuropsychiatry</topic><topic>neuropsychology</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0022-3050</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1468-330X</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">jnnp</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">jnnp</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>82</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1219</start></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">18A1497EC6572BC55C76E13BF57F8242F2D0AFA7</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1136/jnnp.2010.234799</identifier><identifier type="href">jnnp-82-1219.pdf</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">jnnp234799</identifier><identifier type="PMID">21551471</identifier><identifier type="local">jnnp;82/11/1219</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2011, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>BMJ</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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